FIRST EXAM EQUATION SHEET

      Distance = Rate * Time  

     KE = (1/2) m v^2                 (Joules)

     PE = mgh                         (Joules)  

     a = reflected radiation/Incident radiation        (Albedo)

     angle of incident radiation = angle of reflected radiation

     E = sigma T(K)^4      (Watt/m^2)     Sigma = 5.67 x 10^-8 W/(m^2K^4)

     lambda(max) = 2897micro m/T(K)   (micro m)

          T(F) = 9/5T(C) + 32o

          T(C) = (T(F) - 32)*5/9         T(K) = T(C) + 273.15


          Specific Heat = # of calories of heat to raise 1 gram of
                                          the substance 1oC.
                   = # Joules of heat to raise 1 kg of a substance 1oC.

          Specific Heat of water = 1.0 cal/(gmoC) or 4186 J/(kgoC)
          Specific Heat of ice   = 0.5 cal/(gmoC) or 2093 J/(kgoC)                             

     Heat transferred = mass (kg) specific heat (T(oC)end -T(oC)start)    
							(cal or Joule)

     Heat transferred/time = area(m^2)(heat conductivity(watts/m oC))
          (conduction)        x(T(oC)end -T(oC)start)/separation    (watt)

     Heat transferred/time = Km v^2/t(seconds)       (watt)
           (Convection)

     For water/ice/
          Latent Heat of Melting/Fusion = 80 cal/gm of ice/water.

          Latent Heat of Vaporization = 540 cal/gm of water (at 100oC)
                                      = 600 cal/gm of water (at 0oC).

          Latent Heat of Sublimation  = 680 cal.

          Heating/Cooling Degree-Days = 65o - Average Temp for one
                                                  day.
                                        if answer is + then Heating Deg. Day)
                                        if answer is - then Cooling Deg. Day)

          Global Radiation Balance

               Solar Radiation Budget = Scattered & Reflected to
                                        Space + Absorbed by Earth
                                        + Absorbed by Atmosphere.

             Radiation Budget of (Earth) = IR Cooling - Solar Heating 
			      		    - IR from atmosphere

             Radiation Budget of (Atm) = IR Cooling - Solar Heating 
                                          -Latent heat - Convection & Conduction

             Heat Transfer (Earth Surface to Atm) = Sensible
                                        heating + Latent Heating.

     Zenith Angle of the Sun at Noon  

         On an equinox day  = latitude angle

         On summer solstice = (latitude - 23 1/2) degrees

         On winter solstice = (latitude + 23 1/2) degrees
 
         On any day = (latitude - solar declination) degrees

    Sun's elevation at noon = 90 (degrees) - zenith angle

         Average Lapse rate = -6.5(degrees)/km

	Temp in troposphere = T (surface)(oC) - (6.5(oC)/km) h(km)

						02-13-08